29 counties · Boom Town Index

Wisconsin

Avg BTI Score
69 / 100
Population
4.8M
+0.3% avg growth
National Rank
#4 of 51

State Overview

Wisconsin's economy in 2025-2026 is experiencing a period of measured growth, driven by specific sectors and significant infrastructure investments. While national economic conditions show some softening, Wisconsin maintains lower unemployment rates and steady consumer spending. The state's personal income is projected to grow, supported by gains in wages and salaries, though at a slightly slower pace than the national average.

The housing market in Wisconsin is stabilizing, with home prices continuing to rise, albeit with fewer bidding wars. Major construction projects, particularly in data centers and transportation infrastructure, are contributing to job growth and economic activity across the state, including in Racine County, Kenosha County, and the Milwaukee metropolitan area. Policy changes are also aiming to address housing supply and affordability.

Median Household Income
$77,884
State median across 29 counties
Median Home Value
$257,900
Income-to-home ratio: 0.31
Building Permits
20,261
Total residential permits
Natural Amenity
4.4 / 10
#40 of 49 · USDA scale

Wisconsin Counties

29 counties
Rank County BTI Score Safety Proj. Growth GDP Pop Growth Income Ratio Home Price Climate P/R
01 Marathon County 96 A +4.7% — +0.2% +2.2% 7.2x +9.7% -3.3 18x
02 Dodge County 95 B- +4.2% — -0.1% +2.6% 8.9x +8.2% -1.8 16x
03 Fond du Lac County 95 B +3.6% — +0.1% +1.5% 8.5x +5.5% -1.9 17x
04 Racine County 91 B- +2.6% — +0.3% +3.7% 10.1x +4.5% -0.5 14x
05 Rock County 91 B +3.5% — +0.2% +1.7% 8.7x +7.1% -2.6 16x
06 Waupaca County 86 C+ +2.8% — -0.3% +2.3% 11.8x +7.3% -2.5 21x
07 Chippewa County 86 C+ +2.1% — +0.4% +0.9% 11.5x +3.5% -2.4 18x
08 Walworth County 85 A +3.0% — +0.2% +4.1% 13.0x +4.1% -2.5 18x
09 Columbia County 82 B +2.8% — -0.1% +3.1% 13.8x +6.6% -0.5 24x
10 Sheboygan County 82 A +3.0% — +0.2% +1.7% 6.8x +6.6% -0.4 17x
11 Washington County 81 A +3.1% — +0.4% +0.5% 13.5x +6.7% -2.6 22x
12 Manitowoc County 80 B+ +2.6% — +0.1% +0.8% 8.3x +6.0% -0.4 20x
13 Kenosha County 75 B- +2.8% — +0.0% +2.3% 9.8x +6.3% -0.5 12x
14 Ozaukee County 75 B+ +1.6% — +0.7% +0.3% 14.3x +5.5% -0.4 18x
15 Sauk County 74 C +2.1% — +0.4% +2.4% 8.9x +4.9% -1.0 17x
16 Portage County 72 B +2.4% — +0.7% +3.8% 8.8x +11.6% -2.5 16x
17 Brown County 72 B+ +2.5% — +0.5% +2.8% 6.8x +5.4% -1.4 19x
18 La Crosse County 70 B+ +2.6% — +0.2% +3.3% 7.2x +4.7% -0.7 19x
19 Jefferson County 69 B +2.7% — +0.2% +3.9% 12.5x +5.5% -1.6 20x
20 Outagamie County 69 A +2.8% — +0.7% +2.7% 7.4x +6.8% -3.4 18x
21 Grant County 60 B+ +2.1% — +0.2% +3.9% 12.3x +7.2% -0.5 21x
22 Winnebago County 56 B+ +2.4% — +0.2% +2.8% 6.2x +5.6% -1.4 17x
23 Milwaukee County 46 F +1.8% — -0.1% +3.7% 6.3x +3.9% -0.4 13x
24 Waukesha County 44 A +2.3% — +0.7% +1.9% 9.2x +5.6% -2.1 19x
25 Wood County 44 B+ +2.2% — -0.1% +2.4% 6.2x +8.5% -2.4 15x
26 Eau Claire County 35 B- +1.0% — +0.7% +3.8% 8.0x +2.3% -3.2 18x
27 St. Croix County 34 B +0.7% — +1.3% +0.6% 17.1x +1.5% -1.4 18x
28 Calumet County 33 B +2.7% — +0.6% +1.3% 17.0x +6.7% -1.5 21x
29 Dane County 16 B+ +0.8% — +1.4% +2.1% 8.1x +2.5% -0.2 19x

Capital Investment in Wisconsin

Tracked Projects · Public Records
$75.6B
Total tracked investment
14,542
Jobs announced
110
Projects across 23 counties

Where the money is going

Data Centers $49.9B 66%
Energy $16.6B 22%
Manufacturing $5.8B 8%
Commercial/Residential $2.1B 3%
Infrastructure $780M 1%

Top counties by investment

  1. 01 Ozaukee County $15.2B
    2 projects · 4,000 jobs
  2. 02 Dane County $12.7B
    5 projects · 4,250 jobs
  3. 03 Racine County $11.7B
    5 projects · 2,000 jobs
  4. 04 Rock County $9.8B
    6 projects
  5. 05 Kenosha County $6.3B
    6 projects
  6. 06 Portage County $2.4B
    5 projects · 800 jobs

Largest projects in Wisconsin

Project County Amount Status
Lighthouse Campus Data Center
Vantage Data Centers (for Oracle and OpenAI) · Data Centers · 4,000 jobs
 Ozaukee County $15.0B Under Construction
QTS Data Center Campus
QTS Data Centers · Data Centers · 450 jobs
 Dane County $12.0B Proposed
Viridian Janesville Data Center (Former GM Plant)
Viridian Acquisitions LLC · Data Centers
 Rock County $8.0B Proposed
Microsoft Data Center Campus (Mount Pleasant)
Microsoft · Data Centers · 2,000 jobs
 Racine County $7.3B Under Construction
Microsoft Project Nova Data Center (Caledonia)
Microsoft · Data Centers
 Racine County $4.0B Proposed
Eli Lilly & Company Manufacturing Facility Expansion
Eli Lilly & Company · Manufacturing
 Kenosha County $3.0B Under Construction
Vista Sands Solar Farm
Doral LLC · Energy · 500 jobs
 Portage County $2.0B Planned
Red Oak Ridge Energy Center (Proposed Natural Gas Plant)
Invenergy · Energy
 Kenosha County $1.2B Proposed
→ Methodology · How We Tracked $4T Across 858 Counties

Source: public records, corporate announcements, state EDC filings. Tracking projects with $25M+ in announced investment or 500+ jobs. Some figures are estimates where exact totals weren't disclosed.

Wisconsin shaded relief terrain map
SRTM 30m shaded relief
State Spotlight · 2026-04-29

Wisconsin's economy builds on data centers, infrastructure

What's driving growth

Advanced manufacturing, healthcare, and data center development are key drivers. Microsoft's $7.3 billion investment in data centers in Racine County exemplifies this trend. The Education and Health Services sector is expected to lead job growth in 2025 and 2026.

Housing market right now

The housing market is stabilizing, with home prices in Wisconsin up 8.6% year-over-year in March 2026. Kenosha experienced a surge in homebuyer demand in late 2025, becoming a top housing market due to its relative affordability and proximity to Chicago. New construction of single-family homes in Wisconsin exceeded pre-pandemic levels in the 12 months ending October 2025, with approximately 13,000 permits issued.

Migration patterns

U-Haul's 2025 midyear report indicated a return to major metropolitan areas nationally, with Wisconsin identified as a top origin state for those moving to other large metros. This suggests some outflow from Wisconsin to other major urban centers, while also indicating internal shifts within the state.

Headwinds

While overall economic growth is present, manufacturing employment is expected to continue losing jobs. Retail employment in Wisconsin also experienced a loss of approximately 1,200 jobs between January and August 2025. Businesses also express concerns about the national economy, healthcare costs, and labor availability.

Key facts

  • Wisconsin's personal income is projected to grow 4.6% in 2025. (Wisconsin Department of Revenue, November 2025)
  • Total nonfarm employment in Wisconsin is forecast to grow modestly by 0.4% in 2025. (Wisconsin Department of Revenue, November 2025)
  • Home prices in Wisconsin were up 8.6% year-over-year in March 2026. (Redfin, March 2026)
  • Wisconsin Act 78, signed in December 2025, enhances tax credit incentives for workforce housing and childcare. (Wisconsin Economic Development Association, December 2025)
  • Wisconsin Act 173, signed in April 2026, requires municipalities to align zoning ordinances with comprehensive plans to increase housing supply. (Badger Institute, April 2026)
Updated 2026-04-29 · grounded research
17 sources
  1. wi.gov
  2. wi.gov
  3. demlanghomebuilders.com
  4. redfin.com
  5. constructionowners.com
  6. wisbank.com
  7. knightbarry.com
  8. badgerinstitute.org
  9. realtor.com
  10. mkeregion.com
  11. uhaul.com
  12. fingerlakes1.com
  13. wi.gov
  14. marquette.edu
  15. wmc.org
  16. wisconsin.gov
  17. weda.org