6 counties · Boom Town Index

Montana

Avg BTI Score
35 / 100
Population
666K
+1.5% avg growth
National Rank
#41 of 51

State Overview

Montana's economy in 2025-2026 is experiencing a period of slower, but sustained growth, following a post-pandemic boom. Population growth has decelerated to its lowest levels in two decades, with a slight increase in 2025 primarily driven by domestic and international migration rather than natural change. This moderation in population influx is impacting the housing market, which is showing signs of cooling with flattening prices in some areas, though rents continue to rise in most counties.

The state legislature has enacted significant housing reforms in 2025, dubbed the "Montana Miracle," aimed at increasing housing supply by relaxing zoning, parking, and height restrictions in larger cities. While job growth stalled in late 2024 and early 2025, Montana saw rising average wages, leading the nation in wage growth in 2025. Key sectors driving employment include healthcare, professional services, construction, and trade, with Flathead, Gallatin, and Yellowstone counties experiencing the most job growth.

Median Household Income
$71,967
State median across 6 counties
Median Home Value
$382,400
Income-to-home ratio: 0.22
Building Permits
4,905
Total residential permits
Natural Amenity
8.5 / 10
#11 of 49 · USDA scale

Montana Counties

6 counties
Rank County BTI Score Safety Proj. Growth GDP Pop Growth Income Ratio Home Price Climate P/R
01 Lewis and Clark County 57 B +2.1% +4.0% +1.6% +8.2% 5.3x +2.6% 3.2 18x
02 Cascade County 48 B- +2.5% +3.5% +0.3% +8.8% 4.4x +4.4% 2.2 14x
03 Yellowstone County 36 B- +0.8% +5.7% +1.2% +10.1% 4.4x +1.4% 1.1 18x
04 Flathead County 33 B -0.0% +4.7% +2.5% +7.0% 8.0x 0.0% 2.8 16x
05 Missoula County 28 B +0.7% +3.9% +1.0% +8.8% 6.4x +0.8% 1.7 21x
06 Gallatin County 5 A -0.5% +5.2% +2.5% +9.5% 6.8x -1.5% 3.9 21x

Capital Investment in Montana

Tracked Projects · Public Records
$4.6B
Total tracked investment
220
Jobs announced
16
Projects across 4 counties

Where the money is going

Data Centers $3.6B 79%
Energy $680M 15%
Commercial/Residential $100M 2%
Infrastructure $96M 2%
Manufacturing $50M 1%
Other $27M 1%

Top counties by investment

  1. 01 Gallatin County $1.6B
    4 projects · 200 jobs
  2. 02 Yellowstone County $1.4B
    4 projects
  3. 03 Cascade County $790M
    3 projects
  4. 04 Missoula County $700M
    5 projects · 20 jobs

Largest projects in Montana

Project County Amount Status
Meta Data Center
Meta · Data Centers · 100 jobs
Gallatin County $1.5B Operating
Big Sky Campus Data Center
Quantica Infrastructure (Big Sky Digital Infrastructure) · Data Centers
Yellowstone County $1.0B Planned
Project Cardinal Data Center
TAC Data Centers · Data Centers
Cascade County $600M Planned
Krambu AI Data Center
Krambu · Data Centers · 20 jobs
Missoula County $500M Proposed
Yellowstone County Generating Station (Natural Gas Plant)
NorthWestern Energy · Energy
Yellowstone County $310M Operating
Montana Wind Harness Project (multiple sites including Cascade County)
Ameresco Inc. · Energy
Cascade County $150M Planned
MTSUN Solar Farm
Greenbacker Renewable Energy Corporation · Energy
Yellowstone County $80M Operating
Gallatin County Hidden Creek Affordable Housing
Gallatin County, United Housing Partners LLC, HRDC · Commercial/Residential
Gallatin County $50M Under Construction
Montana shaded relief terrain map
SRTM 30m shaded relief
State Spotlight · 2026-04-29

Montana housing policy shifts to boost supply

Driving economic activity

Healthcare, professional services, construction, and trade are primary drivers of employment growth in Montana. Flathead County, in particular, saw a 1.8% job growth from 2024 to 2025, leading the state. The state's "406 JOBS Initiative" focuses on building a skilled workforce for the outdoor, firearms, ammunition, and gear industries.

Housing market right now

Montana's housing market is transitioning towards more balanced conditions in 2026, with home prices expected to rise modestly by 2-4%. Inventory levels are forecast to increase by 5-10%, expanding buyer selection. The median sale price in February 2026 was $461,208, with 11.2% of sales over list price.

Migration patterns

Montana's population growth increased slightly between 2024 and 2025, gaining 7,137 residents, primarily from domestic and international migration. This follows a period where net migration into Montana declined substantially from a 2021 peak. Kalispell, Bozeman, and Billings attracted the most new residents between 2020 and 2023.

Headwinds

Montana was ranked the "least affordable" state by the National Association of Realtors in 2024, with incremental progress in 2025. The state's population growth in 2024 was the lowest since 2002, and 2025 is projected to be even slower. Resource-based industries like mining, wood, and crops experienced downturns in 2024 and remained mostly the same in 2025.

Key facts

  • Montana's average home value was $466,917 in March 2026, an increase of 1.1% over the past year.
  • In 2025, Montana passed major income and property tax cuts.
  • The Montana Department of Transportation is proceeding with $65 million in US Highway 93 reconstruction projects, with construction anticipated to begin in 2026 and 2027.
  • Montana's Gross State Product (GSP) reached $60.2 billion in 2025, growing 3.8% over the preceding five years.
  • The state legislature passed Senate Bill 243 in 2025, allowing taller buildings in municipalities with over 5,000 residents, with maximum height restrictions not permitted to be lower than 60 feet.