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District of Columbia, DC

Washington

RANK #968 / 996 NAT  ·  POP 670,587

1YR FORECAST: -3.5%

5YR OUTLOOK: +6%

Our model projects District of Columbia's housing market at -3.5% over the next year, underperforming most U.S. counties.

[01] Why District of Columbia?

The decline in the District of Columbia's real estate market is primarily driven by a significant shift in the employment landscape, particularly within the federal government and related white-collar sectors. Since 2020, the rise of remote and hybrid work models has drastically reduced the demand for traditional office space. This trend was exacerbated by federal job cuts under the Trump administration, with over 200,000 federal worker positions eliminated and an additional 75,000 employees accepting buyouts by March 2025. This exodus of federal workers and the broader decline in office-using jobs, which saw a 1.3% year-over-year decrease by the end of 2025, have created a surplus of vacant commercial properties.

The current market reflects a challenging environment for commercial real estate, with office vacancy rates reaching 20.4% by the end of 2025, a 100-basis point increase year-over-year. Class A office rents declined 2.4% year-to-date in 2024, though overall asking rents saw a modest 1.9% increase over 2025 after three years of decline. This has led to a substantial decrease in property values, with 85.3% of high-value office buildings experiencing a decline by 2025, totaling a $6.9 billion loss and a $143.2 million reduction in real property tax collections. However, some developers are converting vacant office buildings into residential units, a trend that may offer a path to stabilization.

[02] Market Snapshot

Housing Ratio
3.3x

Undervalued relative to economy

GDP Growth
+1.3%

Well below national median

Home Prices
-3.0%

Prices declining

Climate & Terrain
-0.8

Below-average climate & terrain

Price/Rent
24x

Prices detached from rents

Housing looks undervalued at 3.3x — home prices are low relative to local economic output. The typical U.S. county is 4–6x.

[03] Top Employers

  1. 1
    U.S. Department of Defense Government
    50,000+
  2. 2
    Kaiser Permanente Healthcare
  3. 3
    CGI Technology
  4. 4
    Internal Revenue Service Government
  5. 5
    BAE Systems, Inc. Technology
    25,000+
  6. 6
    General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT) Technology
  7. 7
    ZS Technology
    10,000+
  8. 8
    World Bank Finance
  9. 9
    Fannie Mae Finance
    5,000+
  10. 10
    Cvent, Inc. Technology

Estimated local headcount ranges. Larger employers shown as floor + "+"; smaller employers show exact counts where reported.

[04] Home Value Growth vs National

District of Columbia U.S. National

The Numbers

DEMOGRAPHICS
Population
670,587
-1.84% YoY
Median Household Income
$101,722
Median Home Value
$705,000
-3.03% 12mo
Median Rent
$1,817
Average Annual Pay
$122,982
+4.3% YoY
Employment
759,572
+0.2% YoY
Income-to-Home-Value
0.1443
Less affordable than average
Migration Inflow
—%
of pop. from another state
Bachelor's Degree+
62.6%
of residents (national avg: 33%)

Market Activity

REAL ESTATE
Median Sale Price
$590,000
Days on Market
108
Slower market
Months of Supply
5.9
Buyer's market
Sale-to-List Ratio
98.0%
Negotiation room for buyers
Sold Above List
19.1%
Listings w/ Price Drops
16.0%
Building Permits (2024)
1,737
Single-Family Permits
146

Source: Redfin · Census BPS — Browse sales on Redfin →

[05] Crime & Safety

F
SAFETY
GRADE
Homicide Rate
23.0
per 100K · nat avg 6.3
Firearm Fatalities
22.3
per 100K · nat avg 14.8
Injury Deaths
113.1
per 100K · nat avg 76.3
vs National Average
Well above national avg
based on homicide rate

Source: CDC/NCHS vital statistics via County Health Rankings (2020–2022 avg). Rates per 100,000 population. Grade based on homicide rate relative to national average (~6.3). Learn more →

[06] Capital Investment

$8,452M
TOTAL
PROJECT AMOUNT STATUS
DC Water Capital Improvement Plan (FY2024-2033)
DC Water
$7,740M Planned
Downtown Action Plan & Office-to-Residential Conversions
District of Columbia Government
$400M Under Construction
Washington Gas Modified District SAFE Plan
Washington Gas
$150M Approved
Community Solar Portfolio (Multiple Projects)
Various (e.g., Aligned Climate Capital, Black Bear Energy, Catholic University)
$60M Operating/Under Construction
DC Venture Capital Program
K Street Capital, District of Columbia
$52M Operating
The Geneva (Office-to-Residential Conversion)
Undisclosed Developer
$50M Under Construction

Source: public records, news, corporate announcements. Amounts are estimates where noted.

[07] Score Breakdown

GDP Growth +1.3% 22 percentile
Population Growth -1.8% 1 percentile
Income Growth +8.7% 56 percentile
Vacancy Rate 2.4% 4 percentile
Home Price Change -3.0% 9 percentile
Rent Growth -2.0% 2 percentile
Price/Rent 24x 2 percentile

Bars show percentile rank among all 996 counties.

[08] Frequently Asked Questions

Is District of Columbia, DC a good place to move to?

The data is not encouraging — District of Columbia scores just 2/100 on the Boom Town Index, ranking #968 of 996 counties. Job growth at +0.2% and median household income of $101,722 reflect an economy that has been contracting or stagnating relative to the rest of the country.

Is District of Columbia affordable?

Affordability is a real challenge in District of Columbia. The median home is valued at $705,000 — with an income-to-home-value ratio of just 0.14, that's significantly harder to afford than in most U.S. counties. Median rent runs $1,817/month.

Is District of Columbia growing or shrinking?

District of Columbia is losing population (-1.8% YoY) while the job market is essentially flat (+0.2% employment change). Home values are -3.0% over the past 12 months. A slow-bleed pattern — not a collapse, but residents are leaving faster than employers are hiring.

[09] Similar Counties by Size & Score

San Mateo County, CA 2 Lee County, FL 2 Adams County, CO 2 Fort Bend County, TX 2 Ventura County, CA 2 Denton County, TX 2 Manatee County, FL 2 Osceola County, FL 2