1 counties · Boom Town Index

District of Columbia

Avg BTI Score
2 / 100
Population
671K
-1.8% avg growth
National Rank
#50 of 51

State Overview

The District of Columbia's economy in 2025-2026 is navigating a period of significant transition, marked by efforts to diversify beyond its traditional federal government reliance. Population growth has slowed, with domestic outmigration increasing and international migration declining in 2025. This trend is partly attributed to federal job losses, which disproportionately impact the region. Despite these demographic shifts, the District is actively pursuing a growth agenda focused on attracting new businesses, particularly in the sports, entertainment, and technology sectors, and investing in downtown revitalization.

The housing market in Washington, D.C., is experiencing a shift towards more balanced conditions. While median home prices are projected to see a slight decline in 2026, inventory levels are increasing, offering more selection for buyers. Significant infrastructure projects and large-scale mixed-use developments, such as the RFK Stadium redevelopment and numerous office-to-residential conversions, are underway across the city, aiming to reshape neighborhoods and attract new residents. Policy changes, including reforms to the Tenant Opportunity to Purchase Act (TOPA), are also being implemented to encourage housing investment and streamline development.

Median Household Income
$101,722
State median across 1 counties
Median Home Value
$705,000
Income-to-home ratio: 0.14
Building Permits
1,737
Total residential permits
Natural Amenity
USDA Natural Amenities Scale

District of Columbia Counties

1 counties
Rank County BTI Score Safety Proj. Growth GDP Pop Growth Income Ratio Home Price Climate P/R
01 District of Columbia 2 F -3.5% +1.3% -1.8% +8.7% 3.3x -3.0% -0.8 24x

Capital Investment in District of Columbia

Tracked Projects · Public Records
$8.5B
Total tracked investment
0
Jobs announced
6
Projects across 1 county

Where the money is going

Infrastructure $7.9B 93%
Commercial/Residential $450M 5%
Energy $60M 1%
Other $52M 1%

Top counties by investment

  1. 01 District of Columbia $8.5B
    6 projects

Largest projects in District of Columbia

Project County Amount Status
DC Water Capital Improvement Plan (FY2024-2033)
DC Water · Infrastructure
District of Columbia $7.7B Planned
Downtown Action Plan & Office-to-Residential Conversions
District of Columbia Government · Commercial/Residential
District of Columbia $400M Under Construction
Washington Gas Modified District SAFE Plan
Washington Gas · Infrastructure
District of Columbia $150M Approved
Community Solar Portfolio (Multiple Projects)
Various (e.g., Aligned Climate Capital, Black Bear Energy, Catholic University) · Energy
District of Columbia $60M Operating/Under Construction
DC Venture Capital Program
K Street Capital, District of Columbia · Other
District of Columbia $52M Operating
The Geneva (Office-to-Residential Conversion)
Undisclosed Developer · Commercial/Residential
District of Columbia $50M Under Construction
State Spotlight · 2026-04-29

Federal uncertainty weighs on D.C. housing market

Driving economic shifts

The District's economy is undergoing a transformation with a focus on diversifying away from federal government dependence. Mayor Bowser's FY26 budget includes initiatives to attract new businesses and grow the sports, entertainment, and technology industries. This includes investments in projects like the Capital One Arena improvements and the creation of a DC Technology Ecosystem Fund.

Housing market right now

The Washington, D.C. housing market is projected to see a slight price correction, with a 1% decline in median sales price anticipated in 2026. Active listings are up over 33% year-over-year, and homes are taking longer to sell, averaging 45-70 days on market. The median sale price in December 2025 was $713,000.

Migration patterns

The District of Columbia experienced a net outflow of domestic residents in 2025, with the rate of people leaving for other U.S. locations increasing. International migration, which previously fueled population growth, also declined in 2025. U-Haul data from January to July 2025 listed Washington, D.C. as a top origin metro area for customers moving out.

Headwinds

Federal government uncertainty is a primary factor contributing to weaker demand in the D.C. housing market, contrasting with projected price growth in other Mid-Atlantic markets. The District also experienced significant federal job losses in late 2025, impacting the Professional Business Services sector. This has led to a weaker employer and worker demand for D.C.

Key facts

  • The District of Columbia gained 2,335 residents from July 2024 to July 2025, primarily due to natural increase and international migration. (DC Office of Planning, January 2026)
  • The median sales price of homes in the D.C. region is projected to drop 1% to $616,700 in 2026. (Bright MLS, December 2025)
  • The District's population growth slowed to 0.3% in 2025, underperforming the national average of 0.5%. (U.S. Census Bureau, January 2026)
  • The FY 2026 Budget Support Act of 2025 includes provisions to expand the Housing in Downtown program, supporting commercial-to-residential conversions with a 20-year tax abatement. (Council of the District of Columbia, October 2025)
  • The RFK Stadium site is undergoing a major redevelopment, with demolition of the old stadium scheduled for completion by late 2026. (DC Real Estate Mama, January 2026)